The oil pipeline leak monitoring, alarm, and location system mainly consists of three parts: a data acquisition system, a data communication system, and a central analysis and processing system.
1. Data Acquisition System: Acquisition systems are installed at both the head (output) and tail (receiving) stations to rapidly acquire and preprocess pressure, flow rate, and temperature data at the head station outlet and tail station inlet, respectively. The pressure, flow rate, and temperature data at the tail station inlet, after high-speed acquisition and preprocessing, are compressed and packaged before being sent to the terminal processing system for analysis and processing via the communication system. Data acquisition must be high-speed and accurate. Each type of processing equipment must have strong processing capacity, good stability, strong real-time performance, low drift, and the ability to operate continuously at high speed. Multiple sets of data can be packaged for processing when necessary, but the synchronization of data between the head and tail stations must be ensured. This can be achieved through GPS time synchronization and the addition of data time stamps.
2. Data Communication System: The system uses wired, wireless, and network communication methods. Communication equipment is installed at both the head and tail stations to enable data exchange between them. For a single pipeline, the tail station can transmit the preprocessed data from the data acquisition system to the head station's terminal analysis and processing system via the communication equipment. The communication system should ensure minimal latency, typically less than 50ms.
3. Terminal Analysis and Processing System: This system analyzes, calculates, and processes the received data from the first and last stations to determine the leakage time, location, and amount, and issues audible and visual alarms within 90 seconds. The system should have a user-friendly interface and display real-time pressure and flow rate curves and data for the monitored pipe section.
